The European Space Agency (ESA) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1975 to coordinate Europe’s space activities. ESA has 22 member states and focuses on space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and human spaceflight. It develops launchers, spacecraft, and ground systems, and collaborates on missions like the International Space Station and JUICE. ESA plays a key role in advancing Europe’s space capabilities and ensuring space benefits science, society, and the environment.